Geology Archives - APJ_ce https://www.apjce.org/category/geology/ Scientific journals Wed, 30 Nov 2022 12:17:19 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.0.1 https://www.apjce.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cropped-logo-32x32.png Geology Archives - APJ_ce https://www.apjce.org/category/geology/ 32 32 The hidden beauty of Yellowstone national park  https://www.apjce.org/the-hidden-beauty-of-yellowstone-national-park/ Wed, 30 Nov 2022 12:17:14 +0000 https://www.apjce.org/?p=108 Yellowstone National Park is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States.

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Yellowstone National Park is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States. Every year, millions of people come to see the geysers, hot springs, and other geological features that make Yellowstone so unique. 

But there is another side to Yellowstone that is often overlooked: its hidden beauty. 

This blog post will take a look at some of the lesser-known places and things to see in Yellowstone, from bison wallows to wildflower meadows. Hopefully, this will give you a new appreciation for this amazing place.

Yellowstone: America’s first national park

Blog Introduction: Yellowstone National Park was established on March 1, 1872, making it the first national park in the United States and the world. Located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, Yellowstone is home to a wide variety of wildlife including grizzly bears, wolves, bison, and elk. The park is also home to geothermal features such as geysers and hot springs.

The History of Yellowstone

Yellowstone National Park was established on March 1, 1872 by an act of Congress. The park was originally managed by the Secretary of the Interior but management was transferred to the National Park Service in 1916. Yellowstone is located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho and covers an area of over 2 million acres.

Wildlife

Yellowstone is home to a variety of wildlife species, including elk, bison, deer, pronghorn antelope, grizzly bears, black bears, wolves, coyotes, mountain lions, and wolverines. One of the most interesting aspects of these animals is their ability to adapt to their environment. For example, bison have evolved thicker fur coats as a way to protect themselves from cold winters. Grizzlies have developed larger skulls and teeth so that they can better crush bones while feeding. These adaptations allow these animals to thrive in Yellowstone’s diverse ecosystem. 

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The Yellowstone caldera

Yellowstone is home to the largest supervolcano on the continent. The caldera, which is a large crater formed by a volcanic eruption, is approximately 34 miles wide and 45 miles long. It is believed to be between 600,000 and 800,000 years old. The last major eruption occurred approximately 640,000 years ago and released around 1,000 times more lava than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. If the Yellowstone supervolcano were to erupt today, it would have devastating consequences for the planet. Scientists believe that an eruption of this magnitude would release so much ash into the atmosphere that it would block out the sun and cause global cooling for several years. 

The many geological  wonders of Yellowstone national park

Geysers

A geyser is a hot spring that periodically erupts, shooting jets of water and steam into the air. Yellowstone is home to more than 500 geysers, making it the largest concentration of geysers in the world. The most famous geyser in Yellowstone is Old Faithful, which erupts every 35-120 minutes.

Hot Springs

Hot springs are another common type of feature found in Yellowstone. These springs are formed when water seeps deep into the ground and is heated by volcanic heat sources. The water then rises back to the surface, where it is cooled by the surrounding air. Hot springs can vary significantly in size and temperature, with some being large enough to swim in and others being too hot to even stand near.

Mud Pots

Mud pots are small pools of water that are slightly acidic and full of clay particles. These mud pots form when hot springs or geysers dry up, leaving behind a pool of highly concentrated minerals. As rainwater percolates through these minerals, it dissolves them, creating a murky soup full of clay particles. When this mixture bubbles to the surface, a mud pot is formed.

Yellowstone National Park is truly a geological wonderland. 

Hiking, fishing, and camping in Yellowstone national park

Every year, millions of people visit the park to take in its natural beauty and to experience its unique geothermal features. But what many visitors don’t realize is that Yellowstone is also a mecca for scientific research. 

Hiking 

One of the most important ways that scientists study Yellowstone is by hiking through the park. By hiking, scientists are able to get an up-close look at the plants and animals that live there. They can also collect samples of soil, water, and air for analysis. Hiking is also a great way to track changes in the landscape over time. By comparing photos taken today with photos taken years ago, scientists can see how things like climate change and human activity are affecting the park.

Fishing 

Fishing is another popular activity in Yellowstone. While many people fish for recreation, scientists also use fishing as a tool to study the park’s aquatic ecosystem. By studying the fish that are caught in the park, scientists can learn about the health of the water bodies in which they live. 

They can also track changes in fish populations over time. Fishing can also be used to study the food web in Yellowstone. By examining the stomach contents of fish, scientists can see what they’re eating and how that affects their health. 

Camping

Camping is a great way to immerse yourself in nature and to get away from it all. But did you know that camping can also be used as a scientific tool? Scientists often use camping trips as an opportunity to study human-wildlife interactions. For example, they might observe how people react when they see a bear or other dangerous animal. 

Camping trips can also be used to study how humans impact the environment. By leaving behind trash or building campfires, humans can unintentionally damage delicate ecosystems. By studying these impacts, scientists can develop ways to prevent them from happening in the future. 

Conclusion

Yellowstone national park is a truly unique and beautiful place. It is home to a wide variety of wildlife and geological features, and provides visitors with the opportunity to enjoy many different activities. The scenery in Yellowstone is some of the most beautiful in the country, making it a hidden gem that everyone should visit at least once in their lifetime.

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5 amazing geological facts about the Grand Canyon https://www.apjce.org/5-amazing-geological-facts-about-the-grand-canyon/ Thu, 17 Nov 2022 09:20:25 +0000 https://www.apjce.org/?p=104 Geology is one of the most interesting topics when it comes to the Grand Canyon.

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Geology is one of the most interesting topics when it comes to the Grand Canyon. There are so many fascinating facts about how this iconic landscape was formed. Here are 5 amazing geological facts about the Grand Canyon that will blow your mind!

The Grand Canyon: a natural wonder

The Grand Canyon is one of the most iconic natural wonders in the United States. This massive canyon, located in Arizona, is 277 miles long, 18 miles wide, and over a mile deep. Every year, millions of people from all over the world come to see the Grand Canyon. 

The Grand Canyon is truly a sight to behold. When you stand on the rim of the canyon and look out, you can see for miles. The colors of the rocks are also incredibly beautiful. The canyon is mostly red, but there are also shades of orange, yellow, and brown. 

The Grand Canyon was formed over millions of years by the Colorado River. The river carved out the canyon as it flowed through the area. Today, the Colorado River still flows through the canyon. Visitors can take rafting trips down the river to get a different perspective of the canyon. 

There are also many hiking trails in the Grand Canyon. Some of these trails are very challenging and require a lot of experience. Others are more beginner-friendly. No matter what your level of experience is, there is a trail for you. 

How the Grand Canyon was formed

The answer to that question is a bit complicated. The Colorado River is responsible for carving out the Grand Canyon, but it didn’t happen overnight. In fact, it took millions of years for the river to slowly chip away at the rock and create the canyon that we see today.

The first step in the formation of the Grand Canyon was the creation of the Colorado Plateau. This happened around 70 million years ago when a large chunk of earth’s crust began to lift up. Over time, this area continued to rise until it reached its current height of around 6,000 feet.

As the Colorado Plateau rose, so did the Colorado River. The river began to flow through the region, and over time, it carved out a deep canyon in the rocks. The process wasn’t always smooth sailing; there were times when the river changed course and carved out a new path. 

The Grand Canyon that we see today is actually relatively young; it was only formed around 6 million years ago. And even though it’s been millions of years since the formation of the Grand Canyon began, the Colorado River is still slowly carving away at the rocks. Someday, the Grand Canyon could be even more impressive than it is today!

The amazing age of the rocks at the bottom of the Grand Canyon

The rocks at the bottom of the Grand Canyon are some of the oldest in North America. In fact, they are so old that they date back to a time before there was even a continent called North America! That’s right, these rocks are around 2 billion years old. 

To put that into perspective, 2 billion years ago there were no humans on Earth. In fact, there were no animals at all! The only living things were single-celled organisms like bacteria. The landscape was very different as well; most of what is now dry land was actually covered by a shallow ocean. 

The Grand Canyon’s hidden caves

Deep within the Grand Canyon, there are more than 1,000 caves waiting to be explored. Formed over millions of years by the erosive power of water, these caves offer a rare glimpse into the geological history of the area. And with temperatures inside the caves averaging 10-15 degrees cooler than outside, they’re a perfect refuge from the summer heat!

Exploring the Caves

The vast majority of the Grand Canyon’s caves are located on its North and South Rims, with only a handful accessible from the river. The most popular cave for visitors is Crystal Cave, which is located on the South Rim and can be reached via a short hike from Hermits Rest. Other popular caves include Zoroaster Cave (also on the South Rim) and Marble Canyon Cave (on the North Rim). 

If you’re interested in exploring some of the less-travelled caves in the area, a good place to start is with one of the many guided tours offered by companies like Arizona Hiking Adventures or Discover Grand Canyon. These tours will not only take you to some of the more remote and difficult-to-reach caves, but will also provide you with an experienced guide who can help you navigate safely through them. 

Cave Safety

While exploring the caves of the Grand Canyon can be a fun and rewarding experience, it’s important to remember that they are wild places and should be treated with respect. Make sure to wear sturdy shoes and long pants to protect yourself from scrapes and bruises, and bring plenty of water to drink. A headlamp or flashlight is also essential, as is a first-aid kit in case of any accidents. And finally, always let someone know where you’re going and when you expect to be back – just in case! 

The Grand Canyon: A haven for wildlife

The Grand Canyon is home to many different types of wildlife, including bald eagles, coyotes, and black bears. 

Bald Eagles

Bald eagles are one of the most iconic symbols of America, and they can often be seen flying overhead in the Grand Canyon. These majestic birds of prey are usually found near bodies of water, as they rely on fish for a significant portion of their diet. However, bald eagles will also eat small mammals, reptiles, and even other birds.

Coyotes

Coyotes are another common sight in the Grand Canyon. These intelligent animals are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of habitats, from deserts to forests to urban areas. Coyotes typically hunt in pairs or small groups, and their diet consists mostly of small mammals such as rabbits and rodents. 

Black Bears

Although they’re not as common as bald eagles or coyotes, black bears can also be found in the Grand Canyon—usually in the North Rim area. Black bears are solitary creatures and tend to be shy around humans. They are excellent climbers and swimmers, and their diet consists mainly of plants and fruits. 

Conclusion 

The Grand Canyon is one of the most amazing geological formations in the world. From its size to its age, to the different types of rocks and wildlife found there, the Grand Canyon is truly a wonder of nature. If you ever have the chance to visit, be sure to take some time to explore all that this incredible place has to offer.

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Geography and Geology https://www.apjce.org/geography-and-geology/ Wed, 13 Jul 2022 09:17:23 +0000 https://www.apjce.org/?p=49 The Journal of Geography and Geology (JGG) is a double-blind, open access international journal published

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The Journal of Geography and Geology (JGG) is a double-blind, open access international journal published by the Canadian Centre for Science and Education in both print and online versions. The online version is freely accessible and downloadable.

JGG publishes original research, applied and educational articles in all fields of geography and geology. Authors are encouraged to submit full, unpublished, original work that is not peer-reviewed in other journals.

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